10 Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da Dutsen Everest

Abubuwa 10 masu ban sha'awa game da Dutsen Everest, ciki har da matsayinsa a matsayin matsayi mafi girma a duniya, tare da tsayin mita 8,848 (29,029 ft), kuma Dutsen Everest wakilci ne na kyawawan dabi'a da kuma abin da dan Adam ya samu. Ana samunsa a cikin yankin Himalayan kuma yana da iyaka da Nepal da yankin Tibet mai cin gashin kansa na kasar Sin. Wannan shine babban taro da ake kira "Sagarmatha" a Nepal da kuma "Chomolungma" in Tibet. Ya ci gaba da jan hankalin masu neman kasada, masu hawa dutse, da masu bincike a duk duniya.

Girmansa da wahalarsa sun sanya wannan tsarin ya shahara don ɗaukar nauyin gasar. Yana jan hankalin mutanen da suke so su gwada jimiri. Wurin yana alfahari da gine-gine masu ban sha'awa da kuma yanayin yanayi mai ban sha'awa. Hakanan yana da tsarki sosai. Yana da mahimmanci ga Shérpas na gida da sauran tseren Himalayan. Tsire-tsire da dabbobi da yawa suna zaune a can, tun daga tushe har zuwa kololuwar dusar ƙanƙara na Dutsen X. Wannan ya sa wurin ya ƙara jan hankali. 

Duk da haka, haɗarin yanzu yana da yawa. Sun haɗa da tsayi, yanayi, da sarƙaƙƙiya da yanayin ƙasa masu haɗari. Amma Everest ya kasance alamar sha'awar mutum. Mutane suna so su ci gaba da shiga cikin yanayin sanyi na duniya, amma tare da girmamawa ta ruhaniya daidai.

Manyan Abubuwa 10 masu Ban sha'awa Game da Dutsen Everest

Gaskiya-1: Dutsen Everest an san shi da "Chomolungma" a Tibet

Wata ma'anar ita ce "Chomolungma." Yana nufin "Uwar Duniya" or "Mama Mai Tsarki" a cikin al'adun Tibet. Irin wannan suna yana nuna zurfin kimar addinin da dutsen ke da shi ga Tibet. Tatsuniyar gida tana ɗaukar Chomolungma a matsayin allahntaka kuma mai kare yankin. Ya ƙunshi daidaituwar dabi'a da ta ruhaniya na Himalayas.

Dutsen yana da girma kuma yana da girma. Yana da wuya a ci nasara. Wannan ya nuna muhimmancinsa ga addinin Tibet. Sunan Chomolungma yana nuna girmamawar al'ummomin yankin ga yanayin yanayi. Suna yaba girmanta.

Gaskiya-2: Dutsen Everest Ya Tsaya Mita 8,848.86

Tun da dadewa, masana kimiyya da kasashe sun nuna sha'awar tsayin Dutsen Everest. A watan Disamba na 2020, bayan shekaru na muhawara da aunawa, Nepal da China sun ba da sanarwar sabon tsayin dutse. Yana da Mita 8,848.86 (ƙafa 29,031.7). An kafa wannan sabon tsayi ta hanyar bincike na baya-bayan nan wanda ya yi amfani da abubuwan more rayuwa kamar fasahar GPS ta zamani da GPR.

An yi nufin haɗin gwiwar don share bambance-bambancen ma'auni na baya. Hakanan an yi nufin samar da mafi kyawun kimanta yau. Wannan sabuntawa ya tabbatar da cewa Everest shine babban taron koli a duniya. Yana magana game da karuwa da raguwar tsayin dutsen saboda sauye-sauyen yanayin ƙasa da motsin tectonic.

Gaskiya-3: Girman Girman Dutsen

Dutsen Everest wani yanki ne na Himalayas. Yana girma game da 4 mm (0.16 inci) kowace shekara. Wannan ci gaban ya fito ne daga karon tectonic mai gudana. Yana tsakanin faranti na Indiya da Eurasian. Faranti suna matsawa juna. Babban matsin lamba yana haifar da ɓawon ƙasa don lanƙwasa da ninkuwa. Wannan yana haifar da hawan Himalayas a hankali. 

Wannan aikin tectonic kuma yana tsara yanayin yanki da ayyukan girgizar ƙasa. Ya sa yankin ya zama mafi yawan ayyukan girgizar ƙasa a duniya. Fahimtar ƙimar ci gaban Everest yana buƙatar sanin canje-canje a faranti na tectonic. Fuskar Duniya na canzawa koyaushe.

Gaskiya-4: Mace ta farko da ta fara taron Everest daga Japan

Junko Tabei majagaba ne daga ƙasar Japan. Ta kafa tarihi a ranar 16 ga Mayu, 1975. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta kai kololuwar Dutsen Everest. Ta haura kololuwar sana'arta cikin sha'awa da jajircewa. Ta kasance da tunani na majagaba. Ta yi gwagwarmayar kwato mata hakkinsu a zamanin hawan dutse. Tabei ta jagoranci wannan balaguron tare da matan Japanawa Everest Expedition. Tawagar ta ta fuskanci lokuta masu wahala, gami da bala'in iska. 

Ƙarfin ƙarfinta da shugabancin mata ya taimaka mata ta shawo kan waɗannan shinge. Ta kai kololuwa kuma a yanzu ta zama abin koyi a hawan dutse. Nasarar da ta samu ya ba wa mata masu hawan hawa tudu tukuna. Hakanan ya nuna darajar juriya da ruhin ɗan adam. Suna da mahimmanci don shawo kan ƙalubalen da ake ganin ba za a iya shawo kansu ba. Gadon Junko Tabei yana zaburar da masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara ga daidaiton jinsi a kowane fanni.

Gaskiya-5: Ana Amfani da Everest A Matsayin Tushen Ga Manyan Wasanni

Dutsen Everest aljanna ce ta masu hawan dutse kuma tushe don matsananciyar wasanni daban-daban. Yana jan hankalin masu neman burgewa. Suna zuwa don ayyuka kamar su kan kankara da hawan dusar ƙanƙara. Suna kuma zuwa don tsallen BASE daga ƙayyadaddun abubuwa kamar dutse. Filayen dutsen dutse, gangaren gangaren ƙasa, ƙasa mai kauri, da yanayin guguwa suna tabbatar da cewa magoya baya ba za su iya jin daɗi ba. Misali, Khumbu Icefall wani yanki ne na yaudara Everest hawa. Yana jan hankalin masu hawan kankara waɗanda ke neman kewaya manyan hasumiyanta na kankara da zurfin raƙuman ruwa. 

Hakanan, Himalayas suna ba da paragliding da rigar fuka-fukai masu tashi don wurare masu amfani na musamman. 'Yan wasa za su iya tsalle daga manyan wurare kuma su tashi a kan tsaunuka. Wadannan wasanni suna da wuce gona da iri. Suna nuna iyakan jimiri da iyawa na ɗan adam. Suna kuma nuna nau'ikan wasanni da ayyukan yawon shakatawa a Dutsen Everest.

Gaskiya-6: Dutsen Everest ya tashi 40 cm a Karni

Dutsen Everest yana girma a kusan milimita 4 (0.16 inci) kowace shekara. Wannan yana ƙara kusan santimita 40 (inci 15.7) a kowace ƙarni. Ci gaba da karon tectonic tsakanin faranti na Indiya da Eurasian yana haifar da wannan haɓaka. Waɗannan manyan faranti suna matsawa juna. Matsin yana da yawa. Yana sa ɓawon ƙasa ya ɗaure ya ɗaga Himalayas.

Bayan haɓaka dutsen a hankali, yana kuma haifar da babbar damar girgizar ƙasa. Everest yana tashi akai-akai. Wannan yana nuna saman duniya koyaushe yana jujjuyawa daga ƙarfin tectonic.

Gaskiya-7: An Tattauna Everest Sama da Sau 9,000

A cikin 1953, Sir Edmund Hillary da Tenzing Norgay sun fara kai ga taron koli na Dutsen Everest. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masu hawan dutse a duniya sun kai fiye da sau 9,000. Abin sha'awa, wannan nasara ta nuna cewa neman tsaunin Everest ya kasance sananne kuma mai kalubale ga masu hawan dutse. Duk da haka, hawan yana da wuyar gaske. Yana da wuya, har ma da kyamar mutane daban-daban. Yana buƙatar ƙarfi, juriya, da tsarawa.

Masu hawa hawa suna fuskantar matsaloli da yawa. Wadannan sun hada da yanayi, tsawo, Khumbu Icefall, South Col, da dai sauransu. Yawon shakatawa a kan Everest ya zama matsala. Hakan ya haifar da cunkoso tare da cutar da muhallin dutsen. Wannan ya bukaci mutane da su yi yawon shakatawa da yakin yaki. Suna son kafa matakan kare wannan dutsen ga al'ummomi masu zuwa.

Gaskiya-8: Kimanin mutane 300 ne suka mutu a Dutsen Everest

Hawan Dutsen Everest yana da wahala sosai. Akwai yiwuwar mutuwa. Ya kashe kusan mutane 300. Abubuwan haɗari na wannan hawan sun haɗa da yanayin sanyi, iska, dusar ƙanƙara, da faɗuwa. "Yankin Mutuwa" yana sama da mita 8,000 (ƙafa 26,247). Yana haifar da haɗari mai mahimmanci saboda rashin isashshen oxygen, matsanancin yanayi, da gajiya.

Gawarwakin masu hawan dutse da yawa da suka mutu suna kan dutsen. Matsanancin yanayi yana sa murmurewa mai rikitarwa da haɗari. Waɗannan hatsarurrukan sun kasance abin tunatarwa ne game da haɗarin hawan tudu. Suna nuna bukatar mutunta tsaunuka kuma su bi duk ka'idodin aminci. Duk da haka, masu hawan dutse suna ci gaba da komawa Everest.

Gaskiya-9: Dutsen Everest yana da Hanyoyi masu Hawa da yawa

Akwai bayyanannun hanyoyi da yawa zuwa saman Dutsen Everest. Kowannensu yana da wahalarsa da amfaninsa. Hanyar da ta fi shahara daga Nepal ita ce Kudu maso Gabas Ridge. Daya kuma shi ne Rijiyar Arewa maso Gabas daga Tibet.

Kudu maso Gabas Ridge: Wannan hanya, da Sir Edmund Hillary da Tenzing Norgay suka yi nasarar hawan farko a 1953, ita ce mafi yawan amfani da ita. Masu hawan dutse suna farawa daga sansanin tushe a Nepal. Suna ketare Khumbu Icefall, Western Cwm, da kuma fuskar Lhotse. Sannan, sun isa South Col kafin tura karshe zuwa taron. Masu hawan dutse sun san wannan hanyar don mayaudarin kankara, ɓarkewar ruwa, da hawan hawan matakin Hillary.

Northeast Ridge: Wannan hanya ta fara ne daga bangaren Tibet kuma tawagar kasar Sin ta fara hawanta cikin nasara a shekarar 1960. Masu hawa na fuskantar kalubale. Wadannan sun hada da North Col da kuma matakai uku, dutsen fuska sama. Suna kuma fuskantar wata doguwar hanya zuwa taron kolin. Rijiyar Arewa maso Gabas ya fi wuya. Wannan saboda ya fi fuskantar iska mai ƙarfi da yanayi mai tsauri.

Masu hawan hawa suna son wasu hanyoyi, kamar West Ridge da Fuskar Gabas, ƙasa da sau da yawa. Kadan masu hawa hawa ke zuwa wurin don magance sababbin matsaloli kuma su sadu da mutane kaɗan. Kowane layi yana buƙatar shiri. Dole ne ya dace da kuma yaba dutsen. Dutsen yana da ƙalubale don tsinkaya.

Gaskiya-10: Mutum mafi ƙanƙanta da ya hau Dutsen Everest yana ɗan shekara 13

Jordan Romero matashin Ba'amurke ne. Ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta da ya hau Dutsen Everest yana ɗan shekara 13 a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2010. Romero ya haura hanyar Arewa maso Gabas daga gefen Tibet. Yana tare da mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa. Wannan kadai wani bangare ne na burinsa na daukar nauyin taron koli guda bakwai, mafi girman maki a nahiyoyi bakwai. Amma nasarar da Romero ya samu ya tabbatar da dacewarsa na hawan. Hakan kuma ya haifar da cece-kuce game da shekarun da suka dace na hawan irin wannan kisa. 

‘Yan adawar dai sun ce sun damu matuka da hatsarin hawa kan matashin. Magoya bayan sun lura cewa ya nuna jajircewa sosai. Yayi horon hawan. Nasarar Jordan Romero alama ce mai kyau a hawan dutse. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matasa masu hawan dutse. Sun nuna iyawarsu ta cinye duwatsu.

Wasu Abubuwan Nishaɗi game da Dutsen Everest

• Dutsen Everest yana da tsayi biyu: Abin mamaki, Dutsen Everest (dutse ɗaya) yana da tsayi iri biyu daban-daban. Daga cikin biyun, daya yana da mita 8,848.86, wani kuma 8,844.43 m. Tsayin 8,848.86 an san shi da tsayin dusar ƙanƙara, kamar yadda ake auna shi a saman da aka rufe da dusar ƙanƙara. Gwamnonin China da Nepal ne suka amince da wannan hawan tare a cikin 2020. Hakazalika, 8,844.43 m shine tsayin yanayin kasa, wanda aka sani da "tsawon dutse." Kasar Sin ta auna tsayin daka ba tare da dusar kankara ko kankara ba.
• Babu wani abu da ke Rayuwa A saman Dutsen Everest: Dutsen Everest ba shi da alamar rayuwa. Hakazalika, babu wani abu da ke rayuwa a samansa saboda yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullum yana ƙasa da -20 ° C. Haka nan, babu hanyar samun abinci da ruwa a wurin. Tsananin yanayi da ƙananan matakan oxygen ba sa tallafawa rayuwa a taron koli na Everest.
• 1953 ita ce shekara mai girman kai ga Everest mai girma: Edmund Hillary daga New Zealand da Tenzing Norgay, Sherpa na Nepal, sun fara taron tsaunin Everest a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 1953. Lokacin shine shekarar hawan tarihi; a cikin shekarar, balaguron balaguro ɗaya kawai zuwa Everest a kowace shekara an ba da izinin baƙi.
• Gawawwakin gawa sun zama ruwan dare: Lokacin da masu hawan dutse suka mutu a lokacin taronsu a sansanin Everest Base, jikinsu yana kasancewa a wurin da suka mutu, saboda ƙanƙarar ƙanƙara ta sa ba za a iya binne gawar ba. Don haka, wurin da gawawwakin mutane suka yi a kan hanyar zuwa Dutsen Everest ya zama ruwan dare. Avalanches, gajiya, hypoxia, da hypothermia sune mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa.
• Akwai “Dokar Karfe 2” don Hau Dutsen Everest: Bin dokar karfe 2 yayin hawa zuwa kololuwar Dutsen Everest ya zama tilas. Samun zuwa taron da karfe 2:00 na rana yana da matukar muhimmanci saboda yanayin da ba a iya hangowa da kuma tsananin yanayi a yankin Everest.
• Akwai Kyawun Barci akan Dutsen Everest: Francis Arsentiev, mace ta farko da ta hau Dutsen Everest ba tare da iskar oxygen ba. Cikin rashin sa'a, Hypothermia da Cerebral edema sun kashe ta a lokacin da ta dawo. Tun daga wannan lokacin, jikinta yana barci cikin kwanciyar hankali a cinyar Everest, wanda aka sani da "Kyawun Barci na Dutsen Everest."
• An yi taron Everest sama da sau 9,000: Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi ban sha'awa game da Dutsen Everest shine cewa sama da mutane 5000 sun haɗu da shi sau 9000.
• Yana ɗaukar makonni 10 Don Hawa Dutsen Everest: Hawa Dutsen Everest yana da ƙalubale, kamar yadda muka tattauna. Kasadar tana ɗaukar makonni 10 zuwa watanni 2 don kammalawa da dawowa.
• Dutsen Everest ba shine dutse mafi tsayi a duniya ba: Mauna Kea, wanda ke cikin Hawaii (wani dutsen da ba a taɓa gani ba) a tsayin mita 10,200, a zahiri shine mafi girman matsayi a duniya. Amma duk da haka, sashin kololuwa ya ta'allaka ne a kasa da matakin teku. Sabanin haka, sashin Dutsen Everest yana saman matakin teku, yana mai da shi saman duniya.

Tafiya ta Dutsen Everest ta ƙunshi wucewa ta Yankin Mutuwa: Yankin mutuwa shine yanki wanda ya wuce 8000m. Daga Camp IV, koli na Dutsen Everest, masu hawan dutse suna shiga yankin mutuwa. Kashi 95% na masu hawan dutse a yankin suna fuskantar karancin iskar oxygen da tsananin sanyi.

Kammalawa

Dutsen Everest shine kololu mafi girma a duniya. Wannan shaida ce ga girma da kyawun halitta. Yana girma daga mita 8,848 (ƙafa 29,029) tsayi. Yana ba da gwaje-gwaje na musamman akan masu hawan dutse. Dutsen yana zaburar da zukatan matafiya da masu son yanayi. Tudun yana da darajar al'adu. Har ila yau, tana da nau'ikan tsirrai da dabbobi iri-iri. Canje-canjen da akai-akai a cikin yanayi yana sa ya zama abin sha'awa don bincike da tunani. 

Ko a yau, ana iya ganin halayen mahajjata a tsakanin masu hawan dutse. Kowane mai hawan dutse zai zama wani ɓangare na wannan 'duniya' mai ban mamaki wanda ke da ƙarfi ga masu hawan dutse. Shi ya sa Dutsen Everest ya zama wurin da duniya ke da hankali. Yana gefenta. A can, mutum yana fuskantar manyan rundunonin duniya.