Umhlahlandlela Wokuhamba we-Punakha Dzong: Umlando, Izakhiwo kanye Nobuhle Bokomoya

Isingeniso

IPunakha Dzong, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Palace of Great Bliss, iyinqaba/isigodlo sezindela esihlaba umxhwele esiseBhutan. Kuwumfanekiso obalulekile womlando wefa lamasiko nengokomoya labantu baseBhutan. Lena i-dzong eyisakhiwo sodumo, ehlaba abantu umxhwele ngobukhazikhazi bayo.

I-dzong itholakala lapho kuhlangana khona i-Pho Chhu kanye ne-Mo Chhu, futhi indawo eseceleni komfula inikeza ubuhle obumangalisayo kuma-dzong. Amanzi ahambayo aletha umoya ozolile, okuyindawo enhle ngokwemvelo futhi ezolile kuma-dzong.

Njengoba ingeyesibili ngobukhulu i-dzong eyakhiwa u-Zhabdrung ngemva kukaSimtokha kanye ne-dzong yesibili ngobukhulu e-Bhutan, i-Punakha Dzong inokubaluleka okumangalisayo kwezakhiwo. Abantu bendawo nezivakashi bakholelwa ukuthi iyi-dzong enhle kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi nokubukeka kwayo okuhle esigodini esiluhlaza.

Ngaphezu kobuhle bomzimba, i-Punakha Dzong iwuphawu olubalulekile lwamasiko nangokomoya. Ibamba imikhosi yenkolo ebalulekile, imisebenzi yasebukhosini, nemicimbi yomlando, futhi igcine isiko elicebile laseBhutan futhi eliwumthombo wokuziqhenya kwezwe.

Umlando

IPunakha Dzong yakhiwa ngo-1637 nguZhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, owahlanganisa iBhutan. Lokhu kuqiniswa okuhlakaniphile kumelela ukuhlanganiswa kweBhutan ngaphansi kukaZhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.

I-Punakha Dzong isebenza njengenhloko-dolobha yokuphatha yaseBhutan, isetshenziswa njengesikhungo sokuphatha nezenkolo sikahulumeni waseBhutan amakhulu eminyaka kuze kube yi-1955.

Okuqashelwa njenge-dzong yezinye zezenzakalo zomlando kwaba ukugcotshwa kweNkosi Yokuqala yaseBhutan ngo-1907. Lesi kwakuyisiqalo sobukhosi obungokofuzo obusemthethweni obandisa ubunikazi bezwe kanye nokuzinza kwezombusazwe eBhutan.

Umshado wasebukhosini weNkosi Yesihlanu ngo-2011 wawungomunye umcimbi owawubanjwe e-dzong, obonisa ukuqhubeka nesiko. Njengoba imicimbi yasebukhosini neyezwe ibanjelwa lapho, lokhu kwenza iPunakha Dzong ibaluleke nakakhulu. 

Ngaphandle komlando wezombangazwe, i-Punakha Dzong ibuye ibe nenani lenkolo, njenge-Rangjung Kharsapani, isithombe esingcwele esizibonakalise se-Avalokiteshvara esilethwe eTibet. Izinsalela futhi zisiza enanini elingokomoya lama-dzong, ukuheha abahambi kanye namagugu enkolo yamaBhutan.

Indawo kanye nesilungiselelo

IPunakha Dzong itholakala esigodini esihle sasePunakha, esiphakame cishe ngamamitha ayi-1200. Isendaweni ephakeme emaphakathi eyenza ibe nesimo sezulu esivumayo, yingakho ifinyeleleka futhi inethezekile kuzivakashi unyaka wonke.

I-dzong isendaweni yomhlangano ye-Pho Chhu kanye nemifula i-Mo Chhu. Le mifula iwumfanekiso wobunye bamandla abesilisa nabesifazane, okwandisa ukubaluleka kokomoya namasiko kwendawo yabo.

Kuqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-72 ukusuka eThimphu nge-Dochula Pass (3,100 m), edinga isikhathi samahora amathathu ngomgwaqo. Umgwaqo unqanyulwa i-Dochula pass enhle, enokubukwa okumangalisayo kwezintaba ze-Himalaya.

Iqedwe uhambo lokuwela ibhuloho le-cantilever lepulangwe elinqamula Mo Chhu River. Ibhuloho lakudala linikeza ulwazi oluhle futhi olujulile phakathi kwezivakashi kanye nokuma komlando namasiko we-dzong.

Isikhathi esifanele kakhulu sokuvakashela intwasahlobo (Mashi kuya kuMeyi). Zinezimbali ezimibalabala ezinsomi (i-Jacaranda) ezakha isizinda esihle se-Punakha Dzong, okwenza esinye sezigcawu ze-photogenic eBhutan.

I-Architectural Marvel

I-Punakha Dzong iwumbukiso wezakhiwo zendabuko zaseBhutanese, ezakhiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izipikili. Ukhuni lwayo oluwubuciko kanye nezindonga zalo ezicakiwe kukhombisa izizukulwane zomsebenzi wezandla kanye nenhlonipho yaseBhutan ngesikhathi esedlule.

Izakhiwo zama-dzong ziziqhayisa ngophahla lwegolide olunezitezi eziningi kanye nezindonga ezinde ezicakiwe, ezibukeka kahle kakhulu. Imidwebo yasezindongeni eyinkimbinkimbi nemifanekiso yokhuni ihlobisa ngaphandle nangaphakathi, iveza onkulunkulu nezimpawu zamaBuddha.

Ingaphakathi le-dzong linezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-Central Utse, noma umbhoshongo ophakathi omelela amandla angokomoya. I-Kuenrey (Assembly Hall) isetshenziselwa imibuthano yenkolo nemibuthano emikhulu yomphakathi.

Amagceke ahlukahlukene e-Punakha Dzong asetshenziselwa ukusingatha imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengezindlu zama-monk, ukuphatha, nemikhosi. Lesi sakhiwo sihambisana nesikhundla se-dzong njengesikhungo senkolo kanye nesihlalo sikahulumeni, esiphethe izikhundla ezingokomoya kanye nobunye.

IPunakha Dzong yonakaliswe umlilo (1780, 1849, 1986) kanye nezikhukhula (1994), kodwa amandla ayo ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Yakhiwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi, igcina isitayela nokubaluleka kwayo kwasekuqaleni.

Ukubaluleka Okungokomoya

I-Punakha Dzong iyindawo yezinsalela ezingcwele zeGugu Rinpoche, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal, namanye ama-lama angcwelisiwe. Umzimba ogqunyiwe ka-Zhabdrung ufakwe ngaphakathi, okusiza ukwenza leli dzong libe isiza sohambo olungcwele. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinsalela kwenza kube indawo engcwele, kusiza ukudweba abahambi futhi kugcinwe amasiko acebile nezimfundiso zobuBuddha eBhutan.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-dzong yindawo yokuhlala yasebusika yeCentral Monastic Body yaseBhutan, kanti i-Je Khenpo yi-Chief Abbot. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sigqamisa ukubaluleka kwaso kwezenkolo futhi sihlobene nobuholi bezindela baseBhutan kanye namasiko enkolo.

I-Punakha Dzong isingatha imikhosi emikhulu yamaBuddha, kuhlanganise nePunakha Dromche nePunakha Tshechu. Le mikhosi emibalabala iyinhlanganisela yemikhosi yenkolo nemikhosi yamasiko, njengoba iheha abantu bendawo kanye nezivakashi ukuba bajabulele imikhuba engokomoya yaseBhutan.

I-dzong iwuphawu lokuzwana okungokomoya kweBhutan phakathi kwenkolo nohulumeni. Ukucula kwezindela kunanela emahholo ayo, kuhambisana nokuzola kwemifula egelezayo, okwenza umoya wendawo ube opholile futhi ongcwele.

Imikhosi Nemicimbi Yamasiko

IPunakha Dromche iyisikhumbuzo sokunqoba kwamaBhutanese asendulo phezu kokuhlasela kweTibet kwezwe ngekhulu le-17. Imidanso yamaqhawe endabuko ilingisa kabusha izimpi zase-Bhutan zekhulu le-17 futhi ibungaza ubunye bezwe.

I-Punakha Tschechu ihlanganisa imidanso yezenkolo enamaski anemibala neminye imikhosi yenkolo yokugubha uGuru Rinpoche, ongcwele ongcwele waseBhutan. Imidanso ikhuluma ngezindaba ezingcwele zengokomoya nezindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi yenziwa ngendlela ejabulisayo, enemibalabala, okuwenza kube umgubho onenjongo ohlanganisa umphakathi.

Yomibili le mikhosi ivame ukuba ngoFebhuwari noma ngoMashi ngokwekhalenda lenyanga yaseBhutan. Abahambi bazokwazi ukwamukela isiko elingokomoya laseBhutan, ifa, ezokuvakasha, nenjabulo yokugubha, konke ngenkathi behlangene enqabeni enhle kakhulu, i-Punakha Dzong, eyenza umuzwa womlingo emikhosini eminingi.

Ungavakashela kanjani i-Punakha Dzong

Umgwaqo osuka eThimphu uye ePunakha udlula eDochula Pass (3,100 m). Umgwaqo uyamangalisa ngendawo yase-Himalaya futhi ngokuvamile uyingxenye yokuvakasha kwamasiko okuxhuma i-Thimphu, i-Punakha, ne-Paro.

Abavakashi kulindeleke ukuthi balandele imithethonqubo yokungena egxile emasikweni aseBhutan. Ikhodi yokugqoka enemikhono emide negcwele ubude iyimpoqo, futhi izigqoko, izibuko zelanga, nokuthwebula izithombe akuvunyelwe ngaphakathi kwamathempeli nezindawo ezingcwele ngenxa yokuhlonipha ubungcwele bazo.

I-dzong ivamise ukugcinwa ivuliwe phakathi kuka-9:00 AM no-5:00 PM, kodwa ingavalwa uma kunemicimbi ekhethekile. Izivakashi zikhokha Imali Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo (SDF): US$100 ngomuntu omdala ngobusuku; US $50 iminyaka engu-6–11.

Izikhangibavakashi Eduze

Elinye lamabhuloho amade kakhulu amisiwe eBhutan yilona eliseduze nePunakha Dzong, futhi lilinganisa amamitha angu-160. Ukuhamba kunikeza indawo ekhangayo yemifula kanye nokwenza izigodi ukuvakasha okujabulisayo.

Uhambo oluhle lwemizuzu embalwa lungathatha uhambo oluya eChimi Lhakhang, eyaziwa nangokuthi iThempeli Lenzalo, elifinyeleleka eduze ne-dzong. Kunama-pilgrim amaningi kanye nezivakashi ukuthola ukuqonda okungokomoya namasiko.

I-Khamsum Yulley Namgyal Chorten, eyakhiwe uMama weNdlovukazi ukukhuthaza ukuthula emhlabeni, iyi-stupa enkulu etholakala phezulu kwePunakha Valley. Ukuba khona kwezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nendawo ezolile kuyenza ibe indawo ephumuzayo ukuze ubonise futhi uthathe izithombe, okwenza konke okwenzekayo kwezokuvakasha kwamasiko kube okumangalisayo.

I-Dochula Pass itholakala phakathi kweThimphu nePunakha, futhi inikeza umbono obanzi wezintaba ze-Himalaya. Iphasi linikeza ukubukwa kwe-panoramic ye-Himalayan kanye ne-stupas yesikhumbuzo engu-108 eyakhelwe ukuhlonipha amasosha aseBhutan.

Isikhathi Esihle Sokuvakashela

I-Punakha Dzong ivakashelwa kakhulu entwasahlobo (March-May). Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sibonakala futhi ngezigodi ezivundile neziluhlaza ezinezihlahla ze-jacaranda eziqhakazile eziqhakaza, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeza izivakashi isithombe esinemibala nesemvelo.

Esinye isikhathi esifanelekile yikwindla, ephakathi kukaSepthemba noNovemba. Isibhakabhaka sicwebile futhi ukubonakala kuhle ukubuka indawo. Izinyanga zemvula (Juni-August) ziletha imvula enkulu kanye nokuvalwa kwemigwaqo okungenzeka.

Isikhathi sezimvula ezishisayo (Juni-August) siyagwenywa ngenxa yemvula ephezulu kanye nokuvinjwa kwemigwaqo. Ubusika (Dec–Feb) bunikeza isibhakabhaka esicacile nezivakashi ezimbalwa, ezilungele ukuhlola okuzolile.

Amathiphu Wezithombe Nokuvakasha

I-Punakha Dzong ibhekwa kangcono ukusuka ngaphesheya komfula eduze nePho Chhu Bridge, ekuphumeni kwelanga noma ekushoneni kwelanga. Ngokwemvelo, kulezi zikhathi, umbala we-dzong kanye nokubonakaliswa komfula kuthuthukiswa ukukhanya kwemvelo okuthambile, okukhiqiza izithombe ezihlaba umxhwele.

Ilensi ye-engeli ebanzi iphakanyiswa kakhulu ukuze kutholwe i-dzong yonke kanye nokubonakala kwayo emfuleni. Leli phuzu lokubuka ligqamisa usayizi nendawo yenqaba ngaphakathi kohlaka olulodwa oluhle kakhulu.

Izivakashi akufanele neze zithathe izithombe emathempelini noma kwezinye izindawo ezikhawulelwe ngaphandle kokucela imvume yomhlahlandlela. Ukuzwela amasiko maqondana nezinqubo zendawo kanye nenkolo kwenza kube yinto ethokozisayo emphakathini kanye nesivakashi.

Ukuze uthuthukise ukuzizwisa, cabanga ukubeka isikhathi ukuvakasha kwakho no-Punakha Tshechu noma ukujoyina ukuvakasha kwamasiko ukuze uthole ulwazi olujulile. Ukuhambela imicimbi efana ne-Punakha Tshechu noma ukuvele uhlole amanye amasiko endawo kuzokusiza ufunde kabanzi futhi uzwe amagugu aseBhutan kanye nengokomoya ekusebenzeni.

Isiphetho

I-Punakha Dzong ingenye yezimpawu zomhlaba eziphawulekayo zaseBhutan ezihlanganisa umlando ocebile, izakhiwo ezinhle, kanye nengokomoya elijulile. Isakhiwo esihle kakhulu sibonisa ifa lobuciko laseBhutan, ubuhle bayo bezakhiwo, kanye nesizinda sayo esicebile senkolo, izwe nabantu balo abaye balilandela emakhulwini eminyaka.

I-dzong iyisikhumbuzo esiphilayo kuwo womabili amagugu angokomoya nangokwezombangazwe aseBhutan, lapho kuhlanganiswe khona ubunye benkolo nohulumeni. Kusabalulekile emasikweni, emikhubeni nasebuzwe baseBhutan, okuhlanganisa isikhathi esidlule nesamanje. Izivakashi ziyacelwa ukuthi zivakashele ePunakha Dzong ngenhlonipho nangomqondo ovulekile. Okuhlangenwe nakho kokubandakanyeka emasikweni alo kuyisimo esishintsha impilo, siveza ingqikithi yesiko laseBhutan nokungenisa izihambi.