Uhambo oluya e-Dhaulagiri, Kanchenjunga, Annapurna, Makalu, Manaslu, njll. ezinye zezibonelo zama-7500m-8000m ngaphezu kohambo Lokukhuphuka e-Nepal

Imizila ye-Himalaya yaseNepal ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaqwali bezintaba emhlabeni wonke. INepal ineziqongo eziyisi-8 kweziyi-10 ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukusuka ekukhuphukeni kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuya kuleveli yendawo yokufa, uhambo luyatholakala phakathi kwemizila yezintaba zase-Nepali.

Lapha, sizoxoxa ngohambo lweziqongo ze-7000m nangaphezulu kwezingu-8000m zaseNepal. I-Nepal ineziqongo zezintaba ezingaba ngu-65 eziphakathi kuka-7000m kuya ku-7500m. Inani leziqongo ezingaphezulu kwalokho nangaphansi kuka-8000m zingama-24. Kukhona cishe iziqongo ezingama-72 ngaphezu kuka-7000m ezivunyelwe uHulumeni waseNepal kulolu hambo.

Kungani 7500m & 8000m Ukukhuphuka?

Ukukhuphuka iziqongo eziphakeme ezingamamitha angu-7500 kanye namamitha angu-8000 kungenye yezinselele eziphezulu ekukhuphukeni izintaba. "Izindawo zokufa" yizindawo eziphakeme eziletha izinselele ezinkulu. Umoya omncane nesimo sezulu esibi kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ukuhlela ngokucophelela kubalulekile. Ukulungiselela nakho kubalulekile. Kokubili kubalulekile ukuze kuphephe. ​​Abakhuphukayo banqoba izindawo eziphakeme kangaka ukuze bazizwe sengathi bakhuphuka ezinye zezintaba ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni. Futhi, ukukhuphukela kuzo kudinga ikhono elengeziwe namandla amaningi.

Kodwa, okubaluleke nakakhulu, kudinga ukuqaphela amandla ezintaba. La mandla enza lokho okufeziwe kwanelise nakakhulu. Inselele iyisisusa esiphezulu sabaningi abaqwala izintaba. Ama-vistas yisizathu sesibili. Umuzwa wobuzalwane nabaqwali ungowokugcina.

Ukukhuphuka okudumile kwe-7500m & 8000m e-Nepal?

I-Nepal inezinye zeziqongo ezidumile emhlabeni ze-7500m kanye ne-8000m. Bagqugquzela abantu ukuthi bakhuphukele kuwo wonke umhlaba. Nalu uhambo oludumile:

I-Everest Expedition (8848m)

INtaba i-Everest iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Yiyona njongo yokugcina yabaningi abaqwala izintaba. Uhambo lwe-Everest luyinselele ngenxa yokuphakama kwalo okukhulu. Isimo sezulu kanye nendawo akubikezeleki. Abaqwala izintaba bavame ukuzama isiqongo ngomzila we-South Col. Lo mzila udinga ukujwayelana ngokucophelela. Udinga nokulungiselela okuningi. Ukukhanga kokuma endaweni ephakeme kunazo zonke eMhlabeni kushukumisela abaningi ukuba bathathe le nselele eyinkimbinkimbi.

I-Dhaulagiri Expedition (8167m)

I-Dhaulagiri iyintaba yesikhombisa ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Dhaulagiri Expedition idume ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye nokuphakama kwayo okukhulu ngaphezu komhlaba ozungezile. Ukukhuphuka kuphakeme. Kunobuchwepheshe kakhulu, ngakho kunzima kwabaqalayo ukukhuphuka. I-Northeast Ridge iyindlela efinyeleleka kakhulu futhi edumile. Inezintaba zeqhwa neqhwa ezinobuchwepheshe. Ukukhuphuka kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kukude kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza indawo ibe yigugu kakhulu kubaqwali abanolwazi.

I-Kanchenjunga Expedition (8586m)

IKanchenjunga iyintaba yesithathu ephakeme kunazo zonke. Idume ngemizila yayo emihle kodwa eyinselele. I- Kanchenjunga Expedition isendaweni eyimfihlo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, inolwazi oluyimfihlo kakhulu kune-Everest. Ukukhuphuka kubuchwepheshe. Kungafaka phakathi ukukhuphuka amatshe, iqhwa, kanye neqhwa. I-South Face iyona ematasa kakhulu. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi namakhono amaningi ezindaweni eziphakeme.

I-Annapurna Expedition (8091m)

I-Annapurna iyintaba yeshumi ephakeme kakhulu. I-Annapurna Expedition ingenye yezintaba eziyingozi kakhulu ukuzikhuphuka, enezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Indlela yaseSouth Face yaziwa ngobuchwepheshe bayo obuphezulu. Iyaziwa futhi ngengozi yeqhwa. Noma kunjalo, ingozi kanye nemibono kudonsela abaqwali abanolwazi. Bahamba ngezinyawo ukuze bathole okuningi kwezemidlalo eziyingozi. Ukukhuphuka iNtaba i-Annapurna kuyingqophamlando ebalulekile kubaqwali bezintaba nabaqwali bezintaba.

I-Makalu Expedition (8485m)

IMakalu iyintaba yesihlanu ephakeme kunazo zonke. Inesimo sephiramidi esiphelele kanye nezintaba eziphakeme. Indlela ejwayelekile idlula eNorthwest Ridge. Abaqwali kumele bahambe edwaleni naseqhweni lobuchwepheshe. Ukukhuphuka akunabantu abaningi njenge-Everest. I-Makalu Expedition inikeza ulwazi oluyimfihlo nolunzima. Abaqwali kumele balungele. IMakalu inesimo sezulu esibi. Kumele futhi balungiselele izinkinga zayo zobuchwepheshe.

I-Manaslu Expedition (8163m)

IManaslu iyintaba yesishiyagalombili ephakeme kunazo zonke. Idume njengenye indlela esikhundleni se-Everest. Indlela ejwayelekile ilandela i-Northeast Face. Ihlanganisa inhlanganisela yokukhuphuka amatshe, iqhwa, kanye neqhwa. I-Manaslu Expedition inikeza uhambo olungenabantu abaningi. Inemibono emihle yezintaba zaseHimalaya. Ukukhuphuka kulula noma kunzima. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kunezintaba eziphakeme. Lokhu kuzodinga amakhono obuchwepheshe kanye nokuqina komzimba.

Ngalunye lwalolu hambo lunezinselele kanye nezinzuzo zalo. Ziyimigomo ebalulekile. Abalandeli bangempela bokuqwala izintaba ezindaweni eziphakeme babalindele ngabomvu.

Iyiphi isizini engcono kakhulu yokukhuphuka i-7500m & 8000m?

Intwasahlobo (Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni)

Intwasahlobo yisikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokukhuphuka iziqongo eziphakeme, ezinjengo-7500m no-8000m. Kule sizini, amazinga okushisa aphakeme kancane kunakwezinye izinkathi zonyaka. Lokhu kwehlisa amathuba okuba yiqhwa kanye nesithwathwa. Ngakho, isimo sezulu sipholile. Ineziphepho ezimbalwa kanye neqhwa elincane kakhulu. Lokhu kwenza ukukhuphuka kube nzima kwabaqwali. Isikhathi esengeziwe siyatholakala phakathi nosuku. Abanye abaqwali banesikhathi esengeziwe sokukhuphuka noma ukwehla. Kodwa noma kunjalo, abaqwali kufanele babheke ama-avalanche nesimo sezulu esishintsha ngokushesha. Lokhu kusengenzeka.

Ehlobo (June kuya ku-August)

Ihlobo yisikhathi semvula ezindaweni eziningi eziphakeme. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngezintaba ze-Himalaya. Le sizini inezimvula ezinamandla. Babangela ama-avalanche amaningi kanye nokudilika kwenhlabathi ngoba ancibilikisa kahle iqhwa neqhwa. I-monsoon nayo ingaletha umswakama ophezulu. Kwenza izimo zokukhuphuka zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi kwenze uhambo oluya endaweni ephakeme lube lubi. Futhi, iziphepho eziningi namafu kunganqamula ukubonakala. Lokhu kuthinta ukuhamba nokukhuphuka. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ihlobo ngokuvamile aliyona inkathi efanelekile yokukhuphuka kwezintaba.

Ikwindla (Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba)

Ikwindla ibuye ifanele ukukhuphuka izintaba eziphakeme. Izimvula ezinkulu sezicishe zaphela. Manje sinesibhakabhaka esicwebile esiluhlaza kanye nesimo sezulu esomile uma kuqhathaniswa. Isimo sezulu sibi kakhulu kunasebusika. Kodwa, lihlala libanda, linikeza abaqwali ithuba elingcono lokukhuphuka. Ama-avalanche mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba ebusika. Kukhona nezinye izingozi zemvelo ezimbalwa, futhi. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa nenkathi yasehlobo. Noma kunjalo, izinsuku zifushane. Ngakho-ke, umqwali unamahora ambalwa okukhanya angasebenza kuwo. Futhi ebusuku kuyabanda. Kodwa isimo sezulu esibi asibavimbi abaqwali abaningi. Basakhetha ukwindla ngoba izulu lizinzile.

Ubusika (December kuya kuFebruwari)

Ubusika buveza izimo eziyinselele kakhulu zokukhuphuka. Ziyizona ezeqisayo nezinzima kakhulu. Amazinga okushisa ehla kakhulu. Zivame ukuwela ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi ye-frostbite. Iphinde inyuse ingozi ye-hypothermia. Ubusika bunomoya omkhulu kanye neqhwa elinamandla. Benza izindlela zokukhuphuka zibe yingozi kakhulu. Zibenza kube nzima nokuzulazula. Amakhaza nawo angakwazi ukuqanda igiya. Lokhu kwengeza ubunzima bomqansa. Imikhawulo emifushane yokukhanya kwemini isikhathi sokukhuphuka. Ingozi yezikhukhula nezinye izingozi zasebusika iye yanda. Benza ukukhuphuka kube yingozi. Ngenxa yalokho, abaqwali ngokuvamile bayakugwema ubusika ngenxa yalezi zimo ezinzima.

Ulungiselela Ukukhuphuka kwe-7500m & 8000m?

Ukulungiselela umqansa ongu-7500m noma 8000m kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Kudinga nokuqeqeshwa kanzima ngokomzimba nolwazi olujulile lokuqwala izintaba endaweni ephakeme. Nazi izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe:

Ukuqeqeshwa Okungokomzimba

Izintaba eziphakeme zidinga ukuqina ngokomzimba okukhethekile. Yenza ukuzivocavoca okuphelele kwenhliziyo. Futhi, yenza ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla nokukhuthazela. Gxila ekwakheni amandla emilenze, umthamo we-aerobic, nokuzinza komnyombo. Sebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kokulingisa kokuphakama okuphezulu. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukugibela ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izokwenza umzimba wakho ujwayele ukwehlisa amazinga e-oxygen.

Ukujwayela

Ukujwayela okufanele kubalulekile. Ivimbela ukugula kwe-altitude. Hlela umqansa wakho ukuze ufake ukukhuphuka kancane kancane nezinsuku zokujwayela. Chitha isikhathi ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokuqhubekayo ukuze uvumele umzimba wakho ukuthi ulungise amazinga omoya-mpilo ancishisiwe. Ukujwayela ukuphakama kwehlisa ingozi ye-AMS. Futhi yehlisa ingozi ye-HAPE ne-HACE. Ziyizinhlobo zokugula kwe-altitude.

Amakhono wezobuchwepheshe

Udinga amakhono athuthukile obuchwepheshe bokukhuphuka. Udinga nolwazi lokuqwala iqhwa namadwala nokuhamba ezindaweni eziyinselele—prakthize ukusebenzisa ama-crampon, izimbazo zeqhwa, nezinye izinto zokuqwala. Funda indlela yokuwela imifantu. Futhi, funda ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nama-avalanche. Funda ukuphatha isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.

Igiya kanye Nezisetshenziswa

Faka imali egiyeni eliphezulu. Kufanele kube okukhethekile futhi kufanelekile ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Igiya lihlanganisa itende lamasizini amane. Iphinde ibe nesikhwama sokulala sesimo sezulu esibandayo kanye nezingubo ezishisayo. Abaqwali badinga izintambo, amahhanisi, izigqoko zokuzivikela, amakhramponi, izimbazo zeqhwa, namagiya e-avalanche. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amagiya asesimweni esihle kakhulu futhi unekhono lokuwasebenzisa.

Logistics kanye nezimvume

Thola izimvume nezimvume zokukhuphuka. Ziyahlukahluka ngesifunda kanye nokuphakama. Hlela ukwesekwa kokungena. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukumisa ikamu eliyisisekelo, ukuthola ukudla, nokuhlela izinto zokuhamba. Hlanganyela nabaqondisi bendawo kanye nabasebenzi abasekelayo. Bagibele ezindaweni eziphakeme. Banganikeza usizo olubalulekile.

Impilo Nokuphepha

Hlolisisa udokotela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukulungele ukuqwala indawo ephakeme. Xhumana nodokotela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ezisendaweni ephakeme ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe. Phatha ikhithi yosizo lokuqala ebanzi futhi ulungele izimo eziphuthumayo. Zijwayeze nezimpawu zokugula kwe-altitude futhi wazi ukuthi ungasabela kanjani uma kwenzeka.

Ukulungiselela Kwengqondo

Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokucabanga nakho kuyisici esibalulekile salelisu. Badinga izinsiza ezibucayi zengqondo. Lezi zinsiza zivumela ukubhekana nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izimo zingase zibe ntofontofo. Kukhona isizungu, amakhaza, nokusebenza kanzima. Lezi zindlela zizosiza futhi ukugcina ukucabanga okucacile. Bayosiza ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinhle ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Qonda: kufanele wazi ukuthi ungasingatha kanjani ukugula kokuphakama kwendawo kanye nesimo sezulu esibi. Kufanele ulandele uhlelo olumisiwe kanye neshejuli yalokhu.

Isimo Sezulu Nezimo

Cwaninga izimo zezulu zendawo kanye nokukhuphuka kosuku lokukhuphuka okuhlosiwe ngalo. Izimo zingathinta ukukhuphuka kwakho kakhulu, kanye nawe

kufanele ukulungele ukushintsha isu lakho kuye ngezimo zezulu. Ukwazi izimo zezulu ezijwayelekile zesizini ohlela ukukhuphuka kuzo kuyasiza. Kuyasiza ekuhleleni okufanele. Ukubhekana nalezi zindawo ezibalulekile kungenza umqansa ongu-7500m noma u-8000m uphephe futhi uphumelele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyiphi intaba engu-7000m engcono ukukhuphuka?

I-Pumori (7161m) ivame ukubhekwa njengesiqongo esingcono kakhulu esingamamitha angama-7000 ukukhuphuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ihlanganisa izinselele zobuchwepheshe nokubukwa okuhle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubukwa kwe-Everest ne-Lhotse. Ihlinzeka ngenhlanganisela enhle yokuqwala amatshe neqhwa, okuyenza ibe isiqongo esihle kakhulu sokulungiselela izindawo eziphakeme.

Isiphi isiqongo esiphephe kunazo zonke esingamamitha angu-8000 ongasiqwala?

I-Cho Oyu (8188m) iyisiqongo esiphephe kunazo zonke esingamamitha angu-8000 ukukhuphuka. Lokhu kungenxa yomzila wayo olula kanye nobunzima obuphansi. Izimo zezulu ezizinzile kanye nezindawo ezingenabungozi kangako zikwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kubagibeli abafuna ingqungquthela yabo yokuqala engu-8000m.

Ungahlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphezu kuka-8000m?

Abaqwali bayelulekwa ukuthi bangahlali ngaphezu kwe-8000m, eyaziwa ngokuthi "indawo yokufa," isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angama-24-48. Ukuntuleka okukhulu komoyampilo kulezi zindawo eziphakeme kungaholela ezimweni ezisongela ukuphila ezifana ne-high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) kanye ne-high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE).

Iyiphi intaba engu-8000m efinyelelekayo?

I-Cho Oyu (8188m) ithathwa njengesiqongo esifinyeleleka kakhulu esingu-8000m ngenxa yemithambeka emaphakathi kanye nomzila ongewona owobuchwepheshe. Izimo zezulu ezivumayo kanye nendlela yokugibela efinyelelekayo ikwenza kube inketho efanelekile kubagibeli abazama ukuphakama kwabo kokuqala okungu-8000m.

Iyiphi intaba eshibhe kakhulu engu-8000m ongayikhwela?

I-Manaslu (8163m) ivamise ukuba isiqongo esishibhe kakhulu esingu-8000m ukukhuphuka. Izindleko eziphansi zezimvume kanye nezidingo zezokuthutha eziyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa neziqongo ezifana ne-Everest zikwenza kube inketho ethengekayo kubagibeli abahlose ukukhuphuka intaba engu-8000-m.

Yiziphi iziqongo ezi-3 eziyinselele kakhulu?

I-K2, i-Annapurna, ne-Nanga Parbat iziqongo ezintathu eziyinselelo enkulu. Lezi ziqongo zidume kabi ngezinselele zazo zobuchwepheshe ezeqisayo, izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu, nezimo zezulu ezingalindelekile, ezidinga abaqwali ukuba babe namakhono akhethekile nolwazi.

Ngingakwazi ukwenza iziqongo ezintathu ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa?

Ukuzama ukukhuphuka iziqongo ezintathu eziphakeme kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okubanzi. Ukuqwala indawo ephakeme kudinga isimo somzimba esibalulekile, amakhono obuchwepheshe, nokujwayelana nezimo ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi ezingathi sína zezempilo, njengokugula okunamandla ezintabeni, okungabulala.

Yikuphi ukuphakama kwe-8000 okuyinselele kakhulu?

I-K2 (8611m) iyisiqongo esiyinselele eyi-8000m. Imizila yalentaba engumqansa, yobuchwepheshe, izinguzunga zeqhwa ezivamile, nezimo zezulu ezingalindelekile zakha indawo yokuqwala enzima kakhulu neyingozi, edinga abaqwali ukuba babe namakhono athuthukile nokukhuthazela.

Isiphi isiqongo esiyinselele kakhulu ukukhuphuka?

I-K2 (8611m) ivamise ukubhekwa njengesiqongo esiyinselele kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sayo sezulu esibi, izindlela zokuqwala ezinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kanye nama-avanches avamile. Lezi zici ziyahlangana zidale enye yezinselele ezesabekayo emhlabeni wabaqwali bezintaba.

Ingabe i-K2 noma i-Annapurna ilukhuni?

I-K2 ivamise ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kune-Annapurna ngenxa yezindlela zayo zokuqwala, izimo zezulu ezinzima, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Nakuba i-Annapurna nayo iyingozi kakhulu, ubunzima obungeziwe be-K2 buyenza ibe umqansa onzima kakhulu.

Iyiphi intaba ebulala abaqwali abaningi?

I-Annapurna I inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kuya phezulu phakathi kweziqongo ezingama-8000m, okuyenza ibe intaba ebulala kakhulu kwabaqwali. Ingozi enkulu yezinguzunga kanye nezimo zezulu ezinzima zifaka isandla kakhulu ebungozini bayo, okuholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi.

Mingaki imizimba ese-Annapurna?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi babalelwa ku-60 abaqwali abashonile e-Annapurna, nezidumbu eziningi ezisele entabeni ngenxa yezindawo ezinobuqili nezimangelengele, okwenza imizamo yokutakula ibe yinselele ngendlela emangalisayo futhi ibe yingozi.