10 Chokwadi chinonakidza nezveMount Everest

10 zvinonakidza chokwadi nezve Mount Everest, kusanganisira chinzvimbo chayo senzvimbo yepamusoro-soro paPasi, ine hurefu hwe8,848 metres (29,029 ft), uye Mount Everest inomiririra runako rwechisikigo uye chiitiko chakaitwa nevanhu. Inowanikwa munzvimbo yeHimalaya uye inogovera muganho neNepal uye Tibet Autonomous Region yeChina. Iyi ndiyo misa yakakura inonzi "Sagarmatha" muNepal uye "Chomolungma" muTibet. Yakaramba ichikwezva vanotsvaga adventures, vanokwira, uye vaongorori pasi rese.

Hukuru hwayo nekuoma kwayo kwakaita kuti chimiro ichi chive nemukurumbira wekutambira makwikwi ekupedzisira. Inokwezva vanhu vanoda kuedza kutsungirira kwavo. Iyo nzvimbo inoshamisira yezvivakwa zvinokatyamadza uye inokatyamadza yakasikwa mamiriro. Itsvenewo zvikuru. Izvo zvakakosha kune vemunharaunda Shérpas uye mamwe madzinza eHimalaya. Zvirimwa nemhuka zvakawanda zvinogara imomo, kubva pasi kusvika pamusoro peGomo X. Izvi zvinoita kuti nzvimbo yacho iwedzere kunakidza. 

Asi, njodzi dziripo iye zvino dzakakura. Zvinosanganisira urefu, mamiriro ekunze, uye yakaoma uye ine njodzi yevhu. Asi Everest inoramba iri chiratidzo chechido chemunhu. Vanhu vanoda kuramba vachipinda muChiso chinotonhora chePasi, asi nekuremekedza kwakaenzana pamweya.

Pamusoro 10 Inonakidza Chokwadi Pamusoro peMount Everest

Chokwadi-1: Gomo reEverest rinozivikanwa se "Chomolungma" muTibet

Imwe revo ndi“Chomolungma.” Zvinoreva “Mwarikadzi Amai Venyika” or “Amai Vatsvene” muTibetan tsika. Zita rakadaro rinoratidzira ukoshi hwakadzama hwechitendero hwegomo nokuda kwavaTibetan. Ngano dzemunharaunda dzinoona Chomolungma sehumwari uye mudziviriri wedunhu. Inomiririra kuwirirana kwepanyama uye kwemweya kweHimalayas.

Gomo racho ihombe uye rinoyevedza. Zvakaoma kukunda. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwayo kuchitendero cheTibetan. Zita rekuti Chomolungma rinoratidza ruremekedzo rwenharaunda dzenharaunda kune zvakasikwa. Vanoyemura hukuru hwaro.

Chokwadi-2: Mount Everest Yave Iye zvino 8,848.86 Meters Kukwirira

Kwenguva refu, masayendisiti nenyika vakaratidza kufarira kureba kweMount Everest. Muna Zvita 2020, mushure memakore ekupokana uye kuyerwa, Nepal neChina zvakazivisa hurefu hutsva hwegomo. Zviri 8,848.86 metres (29,031.7 tsoka). Kukwirira kutsva uku kwakavambwa neongororo ichangoburwa iyo yakashandisa zvinhu zvakaita semazuva ano GPS tekinoroji uye GPR.

Kudyidzana kwaiitirwa kubvisa misiyano yekuyera yapfuura. Zvaiitirwawo kupa fungidziro yakanaka kwazvo yanhasi. Ichi chigadziriso chinosimbisa kuti Everest ndiyo yepamusoro-soro musangano pasi rose. Inotaura nezvekuwedzera uye kuderera kwekukwirira kwegomo nekuda kwekuchinja kwe geological uye tectonic shifts.

Chokwadi-3: Kukura Kwegomo

Gomo reEverest chikamu cheHimalayas. Inokura pamusoro 4 millimeters (0.16 inches) gore negore. Uku kukura kunobva mukudhumhana kwe tectonic. Icho chiri pakati peIndia neEurasian Plates. Ndiro dzinosundidzirana. Kudzvinyirirwa kukuru kunoita kuti goko rePasi rimonekenye nekupeta. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukusimudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kweHimalayas. 

Ichi chiitiko chetectonic chinoumbawo nzvimbo yedunhu uye seismic chiitiko. Inoita kuti nzvimbo iyi ive imwe yeanonyanya kushanda nekudengenyeka kwenyika. Kunzwisisa chiyero chekukura kweEverest kunoda kuziva nezve shanduko mu tectonic plates. Chiso chePasi chiri kuramba chichichinja.

Chokwadi-4: Mukadzi Wekutanga Kuita Summit Everest aibva kuJapan

Junko Tabei akanga ari piyona aibva kuJapan. Akanyora nhoroondo musi waMay 16, 1975. Akanga ari mukadzi wokutanga kusvika pamusoro peMount Everest. Akakwira pamusoro pebasa rake nechido uye nekushingirira. Aiva nemafungiro okupayona. Yakarwira kodzero dzevakadzi munguva yekukwira makomo marefu. Tabei akatungamira rwendo urwu neJapan Women's Everest Expedition. Chikwata chake chakatarisana nenguva dzakaoma, kusanganisira kuparara. 

Kutsunga kwake kwakasimba uye hutungamiriri hwechikadzi hwakamubatsira kukunda zvipingamupinyi izvi. Akasvika pamusoro uye zvino ava muenzaniso wokuyemurika mukukwira makomo. Kubudirira kwake kwakagadzirira nzira yevachakwira vechikadzi. Yakasimbisawo kukosha kwekutsungirira uye mweya wemunhu. Akakosha kukunda matambudziko anoita seasingakundiki. Nhaka yaJunko Tabei inokurudzira vanofarira uye vamiriri kuenzana kwevakadzi muzvikamu zvese.

Chokwadi-5: Everest Inoshandiswa SeNzvimbo Yemitambo Yakanyanya

Mount Everest iparadhiso yevakwiri uye hwaro hwemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yakanyanyisa. Inokwezva vanoda mafaro. Vanouya kumitambo yakaita seskiing uye snowboarding. Ivo zvakare vanouya kuBASE kusvetuka kubva kune zvakagadziriswa zvinhu semawere. Nzvimbo dzine matombo, madonhwe anodonhera, nzvimbo dzakakombama, uye nemhepo ine dutu zvinoita kuti vateveri vatadze kunakidzwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo Khumbu Icefall chikamu chinonyengera che Everest kukwira. Inokwezva vanokwira mazaya echando vanotsvaga kufamba neshongwe dzayo dzeaizi dzakakura nemapako akadzika. 

Zvakare, iyo Himalaya inopa paragliding uye wingsuit inobhururuka kune yakasarudzika nzvimbo dzinoshanda. Vamhanyi vanogona kusvetuka kubva kumusoro uye kubhururuka pamusoro pemakomo. Iyi mitambo yakanyanyisa uye inogadzira. Vanoratidza miganhu yekutsungirira uye kugona kwevanhu. Vanoratidza zvakare akasiyana emitambo uye yekushanya zviitiko paMount Everest.

Chokwadi-6: Gomo reEverest rinokwira 40 cm Per Century

Gomo reEverest rinokura kureba kusvika mamirimita mana (0.16 inches) pagore. Izvi zvinowedzera kusvika masendimita makumi mana (15.7 inches) pazana ramakore. Iko kuenderera mberi kudhumhana kwetectonic pakati peIndia neEurasian mahwendefa kunofambisa kukura uku. Aya mahwendefa makuru anosundidzirana. Dzvinyiriro yacho yakakura. Inoita kuti goko rePasi risungirire uye risimudze Himalaya.

Kunze kwekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma gomo, zvinokonzerawo mukana wepamusoro wekudengenyeka kwenyika. Everest inomuka zvakare uye zvakare. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo yePasi inogara ichishanduka kubva kune tectonic forces.

Chokwadi-7: Everest Yakaverengerwa Kanopfuura Ka9,000

Muna 1953, Sir Edmund Hillary naTenzing Norgay vakatanga kusvika pamusoro peMount Everest. Kubva ipapo, pasi rose vakwiri vemakomo vakasvika pairi kanopfuura ka9 000. Sezvineiwo, kubudirira uku kunoratidza kuti kutsvaga Mt. Everest kunoramba kuri chiroto chakakurumbira uye chakaoma kune vanokwira. Zvisinei, kukwira kuchiri kwakaoma. Zvakaoma, kunyangwe nekuvenga kwevanhu vakasiyana. Zvinoda simba, kutsungirira, uye kuronga.

Vanokwira vanosangana nematambudziko mazhinji. Izvi zvinosanganisira mamiriro ekunze, urefu, Khumbu Icefall, South Col, nezvimwe. Tourism paEverest yave dambudziko. Zvakakonzera kuwandisa uye kukuvadza mhoteredzo yegomo. Izvi zvakurudzira vanhu kuti vaite nzendo nemakrusedhi. Vanoda kuisa matanho ekuchengetedza gomo iri kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Chokwadi-8: Vanhu Vanenge 300 Vakafa paMount Everest

Kukwira Gomo reEverest kwakaoma zvikuru. Pane mukana wekufa. Yakauraya vanhu vangangosvika mazana matatu. Zvikonzero zvekukwira uku zvinosanganisira kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze, mhepo, mafungu, uye kudonha. Iyo "Death Zone" iri pamusoro pe8,000 metres (26,247 tsoka). Inoisa njodzi dzakakura nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni, mamiriro ekunze akaoma, uye kuneta.

Mitumbi yakawanda yevafi inokwira mugomo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anoita kuti kupora kuve kwakaoma uye kune njodzi. Tsaona idzi chiyeuchidzo chinotyisa chenjodzi dzekukwira mudenga. Vanoratidza kudiwa kwekuremekedza zvikomo uye kutevera mitemo yose yekuchengeteka. Zvakadaro, vanokwira vanoramba vachidzokera kuEverest.

Chokwadi-9: Mount Everest ine Multiple Climbing Routes

Kune nzira dzakawanda dzakajeka dzekuenda pamusoro peMount Everest. Chimwe nechimwe chine matambudziko uye zvakanakira. Nzira inonyanya kufarirwa kubva kuNepal ndiyo Southeast Ridge. Imwe yacho iNortheast Ridge kubva kuTibet.

Southeast Ridge: Nzira iyi, yakatanga kukwirwa zvakabudirira naSir Edmund Hillary uye Tenzing Norgay muna 1953, ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Vanokwira vanotanga kubva kumusasa wepasi muNepal. Vanoyambuka Khumbu Icefall, Western Cwm, uye Lhotse Face. Zvadaro, vanosvika kuSouth Col pamberi pekusundidzira kwekupedzisira kumusangano. Vanokwira vanoziva nzira iyi nekuda kwehunyengeri hwayo hwechando, nyuchi, uye kukwira kunoda kukwira Hillary Step.

Northeast Ridge: Iyi nzira inotangira kudivi reTibet uye yakatanga kukwirwa zvakabudirira nechikwata chekuChina muna 1960. Vanokwira vanosangana nematambudziko. Izvi zvinosanganisira North Col uye Matanho Matatu, akatarisana nedombo kumusoro. Vakatarisanawo nerwendo rurefu rwekuenda kunhongonya. Northeast Ridge yakaoma. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inogara ichisangana nemhepo ine simba uye nemamiriro ekunze akaomarara.

Vanokwira vanofarira dzimwe nzira, seWest Ridge neEast Face, kazhinji. Vashoma vanokwira vanoenda ikoko kunogadzirisa matambudziko matsva uye kusangana nevanhu vashoma. Mutsetse wese unoda prep. Inofanira kujairana nekuyemura gomo. Gomo racho rakaoma kufanotaura.

Chokwadi-10: Mudiki Kupfuura Kukwira Gomo reEverest aive aine Makore gumi nematatu

Jordan Romero muAmerica achiri kuyaruka. Akave mudiki kukwira Mount Everest aine makore gumi nematatu musi waChivabvu 22, 2010. Romero akakwira nzira yeNortheast Ridge kubva kudivi reTibetan. Aiva nababa vake naamai vake vokurera. Ichi chega chaive chikamu chezviroto zvake zvekubhegi maSeven Summits, mapoinzi epamusoro pamakondinendi manomwe. Asi kubudirira kwaRomero kwakaratidza kukodzera kwake kwekukwira. Zvakamutsawo gakava pamusoro pezera rakakodzera rokukwira kunouraya kwakadaro. 

Vaipikisa vakati vaityira ngozi yekukwira kwejaya. Vatsigiri vakacherechedza kuti akaratidza kutsungirira kukuru. Akadzidzira kukwira. Kubudirira kwaJorodhani Romero chiratidzo chakanaka chekukwira makomo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuda kwevadiki vanokwira. Vakaratidza kugona kwavo kukunda makomo.

Zvimwe Zvinonakidza Chokwadi nezveMount Everest

• Gomo reEverest Rine Makwiriro maviri: Zvinoshamisa kuti Gomo reEverest ( gomo rimwe chete) rine urefu huviri hwakasiyana. Pazviviri izvi, imwe i8,848.86 m, uye imwe i8,844.43 m. Hurefu hwe8,848.86 hunozivikanwa sehurefu hwemazaya echando, sekupimwa kwahwo panzvimbo yakafukidzwa nechando. Kukwirira kwacho kwakazivikanwa pamwe chete nehurumende dzeChina neNepal muna 2020. Saizvozvo, 8,844.43 m ndiyo kureba kwe geological, kunozivikanwa se "Rock height." China yakayera urefu pasina sinou kana aizi.
• Hapana Chinogara Pamusoro peMount Everest: Pamusoro peMount Everest hapana chiratidzo chehupenyu. Saizvozvo, hapana chinogara pamusoro payo nekuda kwekupisa kunogara kuri pasi -20 ° C. Saizvozvowo, hapana kuwana zvokudya nemvura ikoko. Mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye mwero weokisijeni wakaderera hautsigire hupenyu pamusangano weEverest.
• 1953 raive gore rekudada reEverest ine simba: Edmund Hillary anobva kuNew Zealand naTenzing Norgay, muNepalese Sherpa, vakakwira Everest Mountain kutanga musi waMay 29, 1953. Nguva yacho igore renhoroondo rokukwira; mukati megore, rwendo rumwe chete rwekuenda kuEverest pagore rwakabvumidzwa kune vatorwa.
• Zvitunha zvinowanzoitika: Kana vanokwira vachifa panguva yemusangano wavo kuEverest Base Camp, mitumbi yavo inoramba iri munzvimbo yavakafira, sezvo ivhu rakaoma rechando richiita kuti zvisakwanise kuviga chitunha. Nokudaro, nzvimbo yezvitunha munzira inoenda kuMt.Everest yakajairika. Avalanches, kuneta, hypoxia, uye hypothermia ndizvo zvikonzero zvakakosha zvekufa.
• Kune "2 O'clock Rule" yekukwira Gomo reEverest: Kutevedzera mutemo we2 O'clock paunenge uchikwira pamusoro peMt. Everest zvinosungirwa. Kusvika kumusangano na2 Pm kwakakosha nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze asingatarisike uye akashata mudunhu reEverest.
• Pane Runako Rwakarara paGomo reEverest: Francis Arsentiev, mukadzi wekutanga kukwira Gomo reEverest asina oxygen. Sezvineiwo, Hypothermia neCerebral Edema zvakamuuraya parwendo rwake rwekudzoka. Kubva ipapo, muviri wake wanga wakarara murunyararo mumakumbo eEverest, inozivikanwa se "Kurara Kunaka kweMount Everest."
• Everest Yakaverengerwa Kupfuura 9,000 Nguva: Chimwe chechokwadi chinonyanya kufadza pamusoro peMount Everest ndechekuti yakaverengerwa nevanhu vanopfuura 5000 ka9000.
• Zvinotora Masvondo gumi Kuti Ukwire Gomo reEverest: Kukwira kuMount Everest kunonetsa, sezvatakurukura. Iyo adventure inotora mavhiki gumi kusvika kumwedzi miviri kuti ipedze uye kudzoka.
• Gomo reEverest harisi iro gomo rakareba kwazvo panyika: Mauna Kea, iri muHawaii (gomo rinoputika) panzvimbo yakakwirira ye10,200m, ndiyo yepamusoro-soro papasi. Asi, chikamu chepamusoro-soro chiri pasi pegungwa. Kusiyana neizvi, chikamu cheMount Everest chiri pamusoro pemwero wegungwa, zvichiita kuti ive pamusoro penyika.

Rwendo rweMount Everest runosanganisira kupfuura nemunzvimbo yeRufu: Nzvimbo yekufa ndiyo nzvimbo iri pamusoro pe8000m. Kubva kuMusasa IV, Gomo reEverest, vanokwira makomo vanopinda munzvimbo yerufu. 95% yevanokwira munzvimbo iyi vanotarisana nekushomeka kweokisijeni uye kutonhora kwakanyanya.

mhedziso

Gomo reEverest ndiro rakakwirira kupfuura mamwe pasi rose. Icho chiratidzo chesimba guru uye runako rwezvisikwa. Inotangira pa8,848 metres (29,029 tsoka) pakureba. Inopa miedzo yakakosha kune vanokwira. Gomo rinokurudzira mwoyo yevafambi uye vanoda zvisikwa. Chikomo chine kukosha kwetsika. Iinewo miti nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Kuchinja kunogara kuchiitika munharaunda kunoita kuti inakidze kuongorora nekufungisisa. 

Kunyange nanhasi, munhu anogona kuona mafungiro akafanana nemapilgrim pakati pevakwikwidzi. Wese anokwira anosvika pakuva chikamu cheiyi 'nyika' inoshamisa inova magineti ane simba kune vanokwira. Ndicho chikonzero nei Mount Everest iri iyo nzvimbo huru yenyika. Iri kumucheto kwaro. Ikoko, munhu anotarisana nemasimba ane simba ePasi.