Amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo nge-Mount Everest

Amaqiniso ayi-10 athakazelisayo ngeMount Everest, okuhlanganisa nesimo sayo njengendawo ephakeme kunazo zonke Emhlabeni, enobude obungamamitha angu-8,848 (29,029 ft), futhi i-Mount Everest iwumfanekiso wobuhle bemvelo kanye nomsebenzi osekuzuzwe isintu. Itholakala ebangeni le-Himalaya futhi yabelana ngomngcele neNepal kanye neSifunda esizimelayo saseTibet saseChina. Lona yinqwaba yenqwaba ebizwa ngokuthi "Sagarmatha" eNepal futhi "Chomolungma" eTibet. Ilokhu iheha abafuna ukuzidela, abaqwali, nabahloli bamazwe emhlabeni jikelele.

Ubukhulu baso nobunzima kwenze lesi sakhiwo saduma ngokubamba umqhudelwano omkhulu. Iheha abantu abafuna ukuhlola ukukhuthazela kwabo. Indawo inama-architecture ahlaba umxhwele kanye nesilungiselelo semvelo esimangalisayo. Futhi ingcwele kakhulu. Ibalulekile kuma-Shérpas wendawo kanye nezinye izinhlanga zase-Himalaya. Izitshalo nezilwane eziningi zihlala lapho, kusukela esisekelweni kuya phezulu esiqongweni seNtaba i-X. Lokhu kwenza le ndawo ihehe nakakhulu. 

Nokho, izingozi zamanje ziphezulu. Kuhlanganisa ukuphakama, isimo sezulu, kanye nezakhiwo zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi neziyingozi. Kodwa i-Everest isalokhu iwuphawu lwesifiso somuntu. Abantu bafuna ukuqhubeka nokungena ebusweni obubandayo bomhlaba, kodwa ngenhlonipho engokomoya efanayo.

Amaqiniso aphezulu ayi-10 athakazelisayo nge-Mount Everest

Iqiniso-1: INtaba i-Everest yaziwa ngokuthi “iChomolungma” eTibet

Enye incazelo ithi “Chomolungma.” Kusho ujuthi “Unkulunkulukazi Umama Womhlaba” or “Umama Ongcwele” ngesiko laseTibet. Igama elinjalo libonisa ukubaluleka kwenkolo okujulile kwentaba kubantu baseTibet. Inganekwane yendawo ibheka i-Chomolungma njengomuntu waphezulu nomvikeli wesifunda. Ihlanganisa ukuvumelana kwemvelo nokungokomoya kwe-Himalayas.

Intaba inkulu futhi iyamangalisa. Kunzima ukukunqoba. Lokhu kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo enkolweni yaseTibet. Igama elithi Chomolungma libonisa inhlonipho yemiphakathi yendawo ngemvelo. Bababaza ubuhle bayo.

Iqiniso-2: I-Mount Everest Manje Isiyi-8,848.86 Meters Ukuphakama

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi nezizwe bebonisa isithakazelo ekuphakameni kweMount Everest. NgoZibandlela wezi-2020, ngemva kweminyaka yenkulumompikiswano nokulinganisa, iNepal neChina yamemezela ukuphakama okusha kwentaba. Ikona Amamitha ayi-8,848.86 (amamitha angu-29,031.7). Lokhu kuphakama okusha kwasungulwa inhlolovo yakamuva esebenzise izinsiza ezifana nobuchwepheshe besimanje be-GPS kanye ne-GPR.

Ukusebenzisana bekwenzelwe ukusula umehluko wokulinganisa owedlule. Bekuhloselwe futhi ukunikeza isilinganiso sanamuhla esihle kakhulu. Lesi sibuyekezo sithola ukuthi i-Everest iyingqungquthela ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ikhuluma ngokwanda nokuncipha kobude bentaba ngenxa yezinguquko ze-geological kanye namashifu e-tectonic.

Iqiniso-3: Izinga Lokukhula Kwentaba

I-Mount Everest iyingxenye ye-Himalayas. Ikhula cishe 4 amamilimitha (0.16 amayintshi) unyaka ngamunye. Lokhu kukhula kuvela ekungqubuzaneni kwe-tectonic okuqhubekayo. Kuphakathi kwe-Indian kanye ne-Eurasian Plates. Amapuleti adudulana. Ingcindezi enkulu yenza uqweqwe loMhlaba lugoqe futhi lugoqe. Lokhu kuholela ekuphakanyisweni kancane kancane kwezintaba ze-Himalaya. 

Lo msebenzi we-tectonic uphinde ulolonge indawo yesifunda kanye nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba. Kwenza le ndawo ibe ngenye yezindawo ezizamazama kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukuqonda izinga lokukhula kwe-Everest kudinga ukwazi mayelana nezinguquko kumapuleti e-tectonic. Ubuso boMhlaba bulokhu bushintsha njalo.

Iqiniso-4: Owesifazane Wokuqala Ukuhlangana No-Everest wayengowaseJapan

UJunko Tabei wayengumkhweli wezintaba oyiphayona waseJapane. Uqophe umlando ngoMeyi 16, 1975. Waba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukufinyelela esiqongweni seMount Everest. Wakhuphukela esicongweni somsebenzi wakhe ngentshiseko nangokuphikelela. Wayenomqondo wokuphayona. Yalwela amalungelo abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuqwala izintaba ezindaweni eziphakeme. U-Tabei uhole lolu hambo nabesifazane baseJapan I-Everest Expedition. Iqembu lakhe labhekana nezikhathi ezinzima, kuhlanganise ne-avalanche. 

Ukuzimisela kwakhe okuqinile nobuholi besifazane kwamsiza ukuthi anqobe lezi zithiyo. Ufike esicongweni futhi manje uyisibonelo esihle ekuqwaleni izintaba. Impumelelo yakhe yavulela abesifazane abasafufusa indlela. Iphinde yagqamisa ukubaluleka kokuphikelela nomoya womuntu. Zibalulekile ekunqobeni izinselele ezibonakala zingenakunqotshwa. Ifa lika-Junko Tabei likhuthaza abashisekeli futhi limele ukulingana kobulili kuzo zonke izinkambu.

Iqiniso-5: I-Everest Isetshenziswa Njengesisekelo Semidlalo Eyingozi

I-Mount Everest iyipharadesi labaqwala izintaba futhi iyisisekelo semidlalo ehlukahlukene eyingozi. Iheha abafuna ubumnandi. Beza ngemisebenzi efana ne-skiing kanye ne-snowboarding. Baphinde beza ngokugxuma kwe-BASE kusuka ezintweni ezingaguquki njengamawa. Izindawo ezinamatshe, izindawo zokuwa, izindawo ezimazombezombe, nesimo sezulu esinesiphepho kuqinisekisa ukuthi abalandeli abakwazi ukuzijabulisa. Isibonelo, iKhumbu Icefall iyisigaba esikhohlisayo Ukukhuphuka kwe-Everest. Iheha abaqwali beqhwa abafuna ukuzulazula emibhoshongweni yayo emikhulu yeqhwa nemifantu ejulile. 

Futhi, i-Himalayas ihlinzeka nge-paragliding ne-wingsuit endizela izindawo ezingokoqobo eziyingqayizivele. Abasubathi bangagxuma besuka ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi bandize phezu kwezintaba. Le midlalo idlulele futhi inobuhlakani. Zibonisa imingcele yokukhuthazela nekhono lomuntu. Baphinde bakhombise izinhlobonhlobo zezemidlalo nezokuvakasha eMount Everest.

Iqiniso-6: INtaba i-Everest iphakama ngo-40 cm Ngekhulu Leminyaka

I-Mount Everest ikhula ibe yinde cishe ngamamilimitha angu-4 (0.16 amayintshi) ngonyaka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa cishe amasentimitha angu-40 (15.7 amayintshi) ngekhulu leminyaka. Ukungqubuzana kwe-tectonic okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamapuleti aseNdiya nase-Eurasia kubangela lokhu kukhula. Lezi zingcwecwe ezinkulu ziyadudulana. Ingcindezi inkulu kakhulu. Kwenza uqweqwe lomhlaba lugoqe futhi luphakamise izintaba ze-Himalaya.

Ngaphandle kokwandisa intaba kancane kancane, futhi kubangela ithuba eliphakeme lokuzamazama komhlaba. I-Everest ivuka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ubuso boMhlaba buhlala bugudlukela emandleni e-tectonic.

Iqiniso-7: I-Everest Ihlanganiswe Izikhathi Ezingaphezu Kwezi-9,000

Ngo-1953, uSir Edmund Hillary kanye no-Tenzing Norgay baqala ukufika esiqongweni se-Mount Everest. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abaqwali izintaba emhlabeni wonke baye bafinyelela kuyo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-9 000. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le mpumelelo ikhombisa ukuthi ukufuna iMt. Everest kuseyiphupho elidumile neliyinselele kubaqwali. Nokho, ukukhuphuka kusenzima. Kunzima, ngisho nokuzondwa kwabantu abahlukene. Kudinga amandla, ukukhuthazela, nokuhlela.

Abagibeli babhekana nezinkinga eziningi. Lezi zihlanganisa isimo sezulu, ukuphakama, iKhumbu Icefall, iSouth Col, njll. Itourism on Everest isiphenduke inkinga. Sekuholele ekutheni kube nokuminyana kwalimala nemvelo yentaba. Lokhu kunxuse abantu ukuthi benze izinkambo nezinkolo. Bafuna ukubeka izinyathelo zokuvikela le ntaba ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Iqiniso-8: Cishe Bangu-300 Abantu Abafile eMount Everest

Ukukhuphuka i-Mount Everest kunzima kakhulu. Kukhona ithuba lokufa. Isibulale abantu abangaba ngu-300. Izici eziyingozi zalokhu kukhuphuka zihlanganisa isimo sezulu esibandayo, umoya, ama-avalanche, nokuwa. "Indawo yokufa" ingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-8,000 (amafidi angama-26,247). Idala izingozi ezinkulu ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo, isimo sezulu esibi, nokukhathala.

Izidumbu eziningi zabagibela izintaba zisala entabeni. Izimo ezinzima zenza ukululama kube nzima futhi kube yingozi. Lezi zingozi ziyisikhumbuzo esibuhlungu sezingozi zokuqwala izindawo eziphakeme. Bakhombisa isidingo sokuhlonipha amagquma futhi balandele yonke imithetho yokuphepha. Noma kunjalo, abaqwali bayaqhubeka nokubuyela e-Everest.

Iqiniso-9: I-Mount Everest inemizila eminingi yokukhuphuka

Miningi imizila ecacile eya esiqongweni seMount Everest. Ngayinye inezivivinyo nezinzuzo zayo. Umzila odume kakhulu osuka eNepal yiSoutheast Ridge. Enye iNortheast Ridge evela eTibet.

I-Southeast Ridge: Lo mzila, owaqalwa ngempumelelo u-Sir Edmund Hillary kanye ne-Tenzing Norgay ngo-1953, iwona osetshenziswa kakhulu. Abagibeli baqala ekamu eliyisisekelo eNepal. Bawela iKhumbu Icefall, Western Cwm, neLhotse Face. Ngemuva kwalokho, bafinyelela eSouth Col ngaphambi kokuphushela kokugcina esicongweni. Abaqwali bawazi lo mzila ngezimpophoma zawo zeqhwa ezikhohlisayo, imifantu, kanye nokuqwala i-Hillary Step.

I-Northeast Ridge: Lo mzila uqala ohlangothini lwaseTibet futhi waqala ukukhuphuka ngempumelelo yiqembu laseShayina ngo-1960. Abaqwali babhekana nezinselele. Lezi zihlanganisa i-North Col kanye ne-Three Izinyathelo, ubuso bedwala bubheke phezulu. Baphinde babhekane nebanga elide ukuya esiqongweni. I-Northeast Ridge ilukhuni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi itholakala kakhulu emimoyeni enamandla kanye nesimo sezulu esibi.

Abagibeli bathanda eminye imizila, njenge-West Ridge ne-East Face, izikhathi ezimbalwa. Bambalwa abaqwali abaya lapho ukuze baxazulule izinkinga ezintsha futhi bahlangane nabantu abambalwa. Wonke ulayini udinga ukulungiswa. Kumelwe ijwayele futhi ibabaze intaba. Intaba inselele ukubikezela.

Iqiniso-10: Umuntu Omncane Kunabo Bonke Ukuqwala I-Mount Everest wayeneminyaka engu-13 ubudala

UJordani Romero usemusha waseMelika. Waba ngomncane ukukhuphuka i-Mount Everest eneminyaka engu-13 ngoMeyi 22, 2010. U-Romero wakhuphuka umzila we-Northeast Ridge esuka ohlangothini lwase-Tibet. Wayenoyise kanye nomama wakhe ongamzali. Lokhu kukodwa bekuyingxenye yephupho lakhe lokuhlohla ama-Seven Summits, amaphuzu aphezulu emazwenikazi ayisikhombisa. Kodwa isiqongqwane sikaRomero esiyimpumelelo sifakazele ukuthi ukulungele ukukhuphuka. Kuphinde kwaqubula impikiswano ngeminyaka efanele yomqansa oyingozi kangaka. 

Abamelene nabo bathi bakhathazekile ngobungozi bokuqwala le nsizwa. Abasekeli bakhe baqaphele ukuthi ukhombise ukubekezela okukhulu. Waqeqeshelwa ukukhuphuka. Impumelelo ka-Jordan Romero iwuphawu oluhle lokuqwala izintaba. Lokhu kungenxa yentsha ekhuphuka izintaba. Babonise amandla abo okunqoba izintaba.

Amanye amaqiniso ajabulisayo nge-Mount Everest

• I-Mount Everest Inezimo Ezimbili: Ngokumangalisayo, iMount Everest (intaba eyodwa) inobude obubili obuhlukene. Kuzo zombili, eyodwa ingu-8,848.86 m, kanti enye ingu-8,844.43 m. Ukuphakama okungu-8,848.86 kwaziwa njengobude beqhwa, njengoba kukalwa endaweni embozwe iqhwa. Ukuphakama kwaqashelwa ngokuhlanganyela uhulumeni waseShayina nowaseNepal ngo-2020. Ngokufanayo, amamitha angu-8,844.43 ubude bendawo, okwaziwa ngokuthi “ukuphakama kwedwala.” I-China yakala ubude ngaphandle kweqhwa noma iqhwa.
• Akukho Okuhlala Esiqongweni Se-Mount Everest: Isiqongo seMount Everest asinalo uphawu lokuphila. Ngokufanayo, akukho lutho oluhlala phezulu ngenxa yezinga lokushisa elihlala lingaphansi kuka-20°C. Ngokunjalo, akukho ukufinyelela kokudla namanzi lapho. Isimo sezulu esibi namazinga omoya omoya aphansi awakusekeli ukuphila engqungqutheleni ye-Everest.
• 1953 kwaba unyaka wokuziqhenya nge-Everest enamandla: U-Edmund Hillary waseNew Zealand kanye noTenzing Norgay, iSherpa yaseNepal, bafinyelela intaba i-Everest kuqala ngoMeyi 29, 1953. Isikhathi unyaka oyingqopha-mlando wokukhuphuka; phakathi nonyaka, uhambo olulodwa kuphela oluya e-Everest ngonyaka olwaluvunyelwe kubantu bangaphandle.
• Izidumbu zivamile: Uma abagibeli beshona ngesikhathi sengqungquthela yabo e-Everest Base Camp, izidumbu zabo zihlala endaweni abashonele kuyo, njengoba iqhwa eliqinile lenza kube nzima ukungcwaba isidumbu. Ngakho, indawo yezidumbu endleleni eya eMt.Everest ivamile. Ama-avalanche, ukukhathala, i-hypoxia, ne-hypothermia yizimbangela ezibalulekile zokufa.
• Kunomthetho othi “2 O’clock Rule” Wokukhuphuka iMount Everest: Ukulandela umthetho we-2 O'clock ngenkathi ukhuphukela esiqongweni se-Mt. Everest kuyimpoqo. Ukufika esicongweni ngo-2 PM kubalulekile ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingalindelekile nesishubile esifundeni sase-Everest.
• Kukhona Ubuhle Obuthongo eMount Everest: UFrancis Arsentiev, owesifazane wokuqala ukukhuphuka iMount Everest ngaphandle kokunikezwa umoya-mpilo. Ngeshwa, i-Hypothermia kanye ne-Cerebral Edema zambulala phakathi nohambo lwakhe lokubuya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umzimba wakhe ubulokhu ulele ngokuthula emathangeni ka-Everest, owaziwa ngokuthi “Ubuhle Obuthongo BeNtaba i-Everest.”
• I-Everest ihlanganiswe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-9,000: Elinye lamaqiniso athakazelisa kakhulu ngeMount Everest ukuthi isiqoqwe ngabantu abangaphezu kuka-5000 izikhathi ezingu-9000.
• Kuthatha amaviki angu-10 ukukhuphuka i-Mount Everest: Ukukhuphukela eMount Everest kuyinselele, njengoba sixoxile. I-adventure ithatha amaviki angu-10 kuya ezinyangeni ezi-2 ukuqeda nokubuya.
• I-Mount Everest akuyona intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni: I-Mauna Kea, eseHawaii (intaba-mlilo engasekho) endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-10,200, iyindawo ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Nokho, ingxenye yesiqongo ngokuyinhloko ingaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Ngokuphambene, ingxenye ye-Mount Everest ingaphezu kolwandle, okuyenza ibe phezulu emhlabeni.

Uhambo lwe-Mount Everest lubandakanya ukudlula endaweni yokufa: Indawo yokufa yindawo engaphezu kuka-8000m. Ukusuka eCamp IV, engqungqutheleni yeMount Everest, abaqwali bezintaba bangena endaweni yokufa. U-95% wabaqwali endaweni babhekene nokuntuleka komoyampilo nokubanda okudlulele.

Isiphetho

I-Mount Everest iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kuwubufakazi bamandla amakhulu nobuhle bemvelo. Isuka ku-8,848 amamitha (29,029 amafidi) ukuphakama. Inikeza izivivinyo ezikhethekile kwabaqwali. Intaba igqugquzela izinhliziyo zabahambi nabathandi bemvelo. Igquma linenani lamasiko. Iphinde ibe nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Izinguquko eziqhubekayo endaweni ezungezile zikwenza kuthandeke ukuhlola nokuzindla. 

Ngisho nanamuhla, umuntu angabona izimo zengqondo ezifana nama-pilgrim phakathi kwabaqwali. Wonke umqwali uthola ukuba yingxenye yalo 'mhlaba' omuhle onguzibuthe wabaqwali. Yingakho i-Mount Everest iyisizinda somhlaba wonke. Isemaphethelweni awo. Lapho, umuntu ubhekana namandla oMhlaba.